Research article

Biogas production from co-digestion of selected
Agricultural wastes in Nigeria

*1Sambo AS, *2Etonihu AC and 3Mohammed AM

1Sokoto Energy Research Centre, Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria
2Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria
3Department of Basic Science, College of Agriculture, PMB 33, Lafia, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author E-mail: criseto@yahoo.com; +234(0)8036863275

Accepted 16 October 2015

Abstract

The fear of depletion of fossil fuels and their attendant ecological effects and the high cost of renewable energy technology in Nigeria has triggered a need to develop alternative sources of energy, among which is biogas production. A slurry of 1 kg mixture of agro-waste feed stocks (plantain peel/rice husk, PP/RH; banana peel/plantain peel, BP/PP; and banana peel/rice husk, BP/RH) in 1:1 ratio was co-digested in locally fabricated digesters (10 L capacity). The experiment was run for 50 days and assessed for proximate content, biogas generation, organic matter, and mineral content in the digested and undigested agro-waste materials. The proximate composition showed that while banana peel had the highest moisture (56%), rice husk was highest in the content of ash (64%), crude protein (6.94%), and volatile solids (20%). The weekly cumulative biogas generation increased from 852.6 cm³ for BP/PP sample to 1049.7 cm³ for PP/RH sample for the 7 weeks at the experimental room temperature range of 29 ^oC to 35 ^oC. Sample PP/RH generated the highest volume of gas (biogas, methane, and others) compared to BP/RH and BP/PP samples. In each case the volume of gas production decreased in week 7 from 271.4 cm³ to 152.0 cm³ (for biogas), 161.4 cm³ to 97.1 cm³ (for methane), and 110.0 cm³ to 54.9 cm³ (for other gases). The nutritional concentrations of the digested and undigested mixture of the waste samples after Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Flame Photometry showed that the digested samples had higher contents of the nutritional elements than the undigested samples. The mineral elements ranged from 0.554 mg/g in the undigested rice husk to 18.155 mg/g in the digested banana peel samples. Fermentation of agricultural wastes to generate biogas and sludge with agricultural value offers an alternative and efficient method of agricultural wastes and energy management in Nigeria.

Keywords: Agro-waste, biogas, energy crisis, methane